Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of Subanesthetic Oromucosal Dexmedetomidine on Sleep in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Pharmacokinetics–Pharmacodynamics Study

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000005314

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental design and pharmacokinetic profiles of dexmedetomidine after sublingual and buccal orodispersible tablet intake. ( A ) Time points of blood draws ( drops ) , saliva sampling ( tubes ), and postawakening testing (#) are indicated on the x-axis. The study drugs (0/20/40 µg dexmedetomidine) were administered at 11:00 pm when lights were switched off ( black light bulb ) and the polysomnographic (PSG) recording was initiated (time point 0). The participants were awoken and lights were turned on at 7:00 am (time point 8). ( B ) Evolution of dexmedetomidine plasma concentration after sublingual dexmedetomidine intake (n = 8). ( C ) Evolution of dexmedetomidine plasma concentration after buccal dexmedetomidine intake (n = 17). Yellow lines connecting black dots : 20 µg dexmedetomidine. Orange lines connecting black triangles : 40 µg dexmedetomidine. Yellow and orange shadings indicate standard deviations.

Article Snippet: Besides IV-injectable solutions used in anesthesia (United States: Precedex TM ; Europe: Dexdor TM ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland) recently approved a mucoadhesive film containing 120 to 180 μg dexmedetomidine (Igalmi TM , BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc., USA) to ameliorate agitation in inpatients suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Techniques: Sampling, Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of Subanesthetic Oromucosal Dexmedetomidine on Sleep in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Pharmacokinetics–Pharmacodynamics Study

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000005314

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacokinetic Parameter Estimates during Sleep after Sublingual and Buccal Dexmedetomidine Intake

Article Snippet: Besides IV-injectable solutions used in anesthesia (United States: Precedex TM ; Europe: Dexdor TM ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland) recently approved a mucoadhesive film containing 120 to 180 μg dexmedetomidine (Igalmi TM , BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc., USA) to ameliorate agitation in inpatients suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of Subanesthetic Oromucosal Dexmedetomidine on Sleep in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Pharmacokinetics–Pharmacodynamics Study

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000005314

Figure Lengend Snippet: Visually scored sleep variables after intake of sublingual ( left ; n = 8) and buccal ( right ; n = 17) oromucosal dexmedetomidine formulations at bedtime. ( A ) Sleep latency until three consecutive epochs of N1 or deeper sleep stages. ( B ) Latency to first rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episode. ( C ) Total duration of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages N2 and N3. Box plots : Horizontal lines mark the median, lower and upper hinges correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to the last value within 1.5 times the interquartile range. Dots : Individual data points. Blue , placebo; yellow , 20 µg dexmedetomidine; orange , 40 µg dexmedetomidine. Statistically significant differences between conditions are denoted by asterisks. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (Benjamini–Hochberg corrected).

Article Snippet: Besides IV-injectable solutions used in anesthesia (United States: Precedex TM ; Europe: Dexdor TM ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland) recently approved a mucoadhesive film containing 120 to 180 μg dexmedetomidine (Igalmi TM , BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc., USA) to ameliorate agitation in inpatients suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Effects of Subanesthetic Oromucosal Dexmedetomidine on Sleep in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Pharmacokinetics–Pharmacodynamics Study

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000005314

Figure Lengend Snippet: The electroencephalography slow-wave energy in the 0.75 to 4.0 Hz range in non–rapid eye movement sleep stages N2 and N3 was quantified in the first (0 to 4 h after intake) and second (4 to 8 h after intake) halves of the nights after buccal dexmedetomidine administration at bedtime. Box plots : Horizontal lines mark the median, lower, and upper hinges that correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to the last value within 1.5 times the interquartile range. Dots : individual data points (n = 17). Blue , placebo; yellow , 20 µg dexmedetomidine; orange , 40 µg dexmedetomidine. Note that the values are presented on a logarithmic scale. The asterisk indicates the significant difference between the 40 µg dexmedetomidine and placebo conditions in the first half of the experimental nights. * P < 0.03 (Benjamini–Hochberg corrected).

Article Snippet: Besides IV-injectable solutions used in anesthesia (United States: Precedex TM ; Europe: Dexdor TM ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland) recently approved a mucoadhesive film containing 120 to 180 μg dexmedetomidine (Igalmi TM , BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc., USA) to ameliorate agitation in inpatients suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Techniques: